Moralización del autocontrol: El papel de la identidad moral y los fundamentos morales en adultos jóvenes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30849/ripijp.v58i2.1842Palabras clave:
moralización, identidad moral, fundamentos morales, autocontrol, adultez tempranaResumen
A pesar de que la relación entre la moralidad y el autocontrol ha sido estudiada en el pasado, todavía no hay suficiente información sobre cómo las diferentes variables morales en simultáneo, y su posible interacción, afectan a los niveles de autocontrol; especialmente en la adultez temprana, un período crítico para el desarrollo del autocontrol y la moralidad. En el marco de la moralización del autocontrol, el presente estudio buscó explorar si las puntuaciones de autocontrol son afectadas por los niveles de identidad moral y los fundamentos vinculantes-individualizadores a lo largo de la edad adulta temprana. Los datos se obtuvieron mediante una encuesta en línea de una muestra no probabilística (n=626) de adultos jóvenes de Bolivia. Habiendo encontrado correlaciones significativas, se probaron las hipótesis empleando la prueba t de Student y un ANCOVA, con la edad como covariable. Los resultados mostraron que los fundamentos vinculantes, la identidad moral, la edad y la interacción entre la identidad moral y ambos tipos de fundamentos morales tuvieron un efecto significativo sobre las puntuaciones y medias marginales de autocontrol, con tamaños de efecto pequeños a moderados. Finalmente, se discuten las implicaciones de los resultados en el marco teórico de la moralización del autocontrol.
Citas
Abelson, R. P. (1985). A variance explanation paradox: When a little is a lot. Psychological Bulletin, 97(1), 129. https://psycnet.apa.org/fulltext/1985-11199-001.html
American Psychological Association. (2017). Ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct. https://www.apa.org/ethics/code
Anderson, D. J., & Krettenauer, T. (2021). Connectedness to nature and pro-environmental behaviour from early adolescence to adulthood: A comparison of urban and rural canada. Sustainability, 13(7), 3655.
Andrade, F. C., & Hoyle, R. H. (2023). A synthesis and meta-analysis of the relationship between trait self-control and healthier practices in physical activity, eating, and sleep domains. Personality and Individual Differences, 205, 112095. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2023.112095
Aquino, K., Freeman, D., Reed II, A., Lim, V. K. G., & Felps, W. (2009). Testing a social-cognitive model of moral behavior: The interactive influence of situations and moral identity centrality. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 97(1), 123-141. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0015406
Aquino, K., & Reed, A. I. (2002). The self-importance of moral identity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83(6), 1423-1440. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.83.6.1423
Bandura, A. (2014). Social cognitive theory of moral thought and action. In Handbook of moral behavior and development (pp. 45-103). Psychology press. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315807294-8/social-cognitive-theory-moral-thought-action-albert-bandura
Barbaranelli, C. (2003). AnalisideiDati. Tecniche Multivariate per la RicercaPsicologica e Sociale, Milano: LED Bentler, PM and Bonnet, DC (1980). Significance Tests and Goodness of Fit in the Analysis of Covariance Structures. Psychological Bulletin, 88(3), 588-606.
Berkman, E. T., Livingston, J. L., & Kahn, L. E. (2017). Finding the “self” in self-regulation: The identity-value model. Psychological Inquiry, 28(2-3), 77-98. https://doi.org/10.1080/1047840X.2017.1323463
Blasi, A. (1994). Moral identity: It’s role in moral functioning (Vol. 2). New York, NY: Garland.
Canet Juric, L., Introzzi, I. M., Andrés, M. L., & Stelzer, F. (2016). La contribución de las Funciones Ejecutivas a la autorregulación. https://doi.org/10.7714/CNPS/10.2.206
Carifio, J., & Perla, R. (2008). Resolving the 50-year debate around using and misusing Likert scales. Medical Education, 42(12), 1150-1152. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2923.2008.03172.x
Cobb-Clark, D. A., Dahmann, S. C., Kamhöfer, D. A., & Schildberg-Hörisch, H. (2023). Self-control and unhealthy body weight: The role of impulsivity and restraint. Economics & Human Biology, 50, 101263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ehb.2023.101263
del Valle, M. V., Galli, J. I., Urquijo, S., & Juric, L. C. (2019). Adaptación al español de la Escala de Autocontrol y de la Escala de Autocontrol-Abreviada y evidencias de validez en población universitaria. Revista Argentina de Ciencias del Comportamiento, 11(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.32348/1852.4206.v11.n2.23413
Doğruyol, B., Alper, S., & Yilmaz, O. (2019). The five-factor model of the moral foundations theory is stable across WEIRD and non-WEIRD cultures. Personality and Individual Differences, 151, 109547. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2019.109547
Duckworth, A. L., & Gross, J. J. (2024). Self-control. In Handbook of emotion regulation, 3rd ed (pp. 250-257). The Guilford Press.
Funder, D. C., & Ozer, D. J. (2019). Evaluating Effect Size in Psychological Research: Sense and Nonsense. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, 2(2), 156-168. https://doi.org/10.1177/2515245919847202
Garrido, S. J., Morán, V., Azpilicueta, A. E., Cortez, F., Arbach, K., & Cupani, M. (2018). Análisis de Modelos Rivales Unidimensionales y Bidimensionales de la Escala Breve de Autocontrol en Estudiantes Universitarios Argentinos. Psicodebate, 18(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.18682/pd.v18i2.745
Gino, F., Schweitzer, M. E., Mead, N. L., & Ariely, D. (2011). Unable to resist temptation: How self-control depletion promotes unethical behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 115(2), 191-203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2011.03.001
Graham, J., Haidt, J., Koleva, S., Motyl, M., Iyer, R., Wojcik, S. P., & Ditto, P. H. (2013). Moral foundations theory: The pragmatic validity of moral pluralism. In Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 47, pp. 55-130). Elsevier. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780124072367000024
Graham, J., Nosek, B. A., Haidt, J., Iyer, R., Koleva, S., & Ditto, P. H. (2011). Mapping the moral domain. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 101(2), 366-385. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021847
Haidt, J. (2013). Moral psychology for the twenty-first century. Journal of Moral Education, 42(3), 281-297. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057240.2013.817327
Haidt, J., & Graham, J. (2007). When Morality Opposes Justice: Conservatives Have Moral Intuitions that Liberals may not Recognize. Social Justice Research, 20(1), 98-116. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11211-007-0034-z
Haidt, J., & Joseph, C. (2004). Intuitive ethics: How innately prepared intuitions generate culturally variable virtues. Daedalus, 133(4), 55-66. https://doi.org/10.1162/0011526042365555
Hardee, J. E., Phaneuf, C., Cope, L., Zucker, R., Gearhardt, A., & Heitzeg, M. (2020). Neural correlates of inhibitory control in youth with symptoms of food addiction. Appetite, 148, 104578. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2019.104578
Hofmann, W. (2024). Going beyond the individual level in self-control research. Nature Reviews Psychology, 3(1), 56-66. https://doi.org/10.1038/s44159-023-00256-y
Hofmann, W., Meindl, P., Mooijman, M., & Graham, J. (2018). Morality and Self-Control: How They Are Intertwined and Where They Differ. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 27(4), 286-291. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721418759317
Instituto Nacional de Estadisticas. (n.d.). Proyecciones de Población, Revisión 2020. INE. Retrieved July 30, 2024, from https://www.ine.gob.bo/index.php/censos-y-proyecciones-de-poblacion-sociales/
Inzlicht, M., & Berkman, E. (2015). Six Questions for the Resource Model of Control (and Some Answers). Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 9(10), 511-524. https://doi.org/10.1111/spc3.12200
Joosten, A., Dijke, M. van, Hiel, A. V., & Cremer, D. D. (2015). Out of Control!? How Loss of Self-Control Influences Prosocial Behavior: The Role of Power and Moral Values. PLOS ONE, 10(5), e0126377. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0126377
Kim, Y., Richards, J. S., & Oldehinkel, A. J. (2022). Self-control, Mental Health Problems, and Family Functioning in Adolescence and Young Adulthood: Between-person Differences and Within-person Effects. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 51(6), 1181-1195. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-021-01564-3
Krettenauer, T. (2022). Development of moral identity: From the age of responsibility to adult maturity. Developmental Review, 65, 101036. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0273229722000260
Li, J.-B., Vazsonyi, A. T., & Dou, K. (2018). Is individualism-collectivism associated with self-control? Evidence from Chinese and U.S. samples. PLOS ONE, 13(12), e0208541. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0208541
Li, S., Ren, P., Chiu, M. M., Wang, C., & Lei, H. (2021). The Relationship Between Self-Control and Internet Addiction Among Students: A Meta-Analysis. Frontiers in Psychology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.735755
Lindner, C., Nagy, G., & Retelsdorf, J. (2015). The dimensionality of the Brief Self-Control Scale—An evaluation of unidimensional and multidimensional applications. Personality and Individual Differences, 86, 465-473. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.07.006
Mooijman, M., Meindl, P., & Graham, J. (2020). Moralizing Self-Control. In A. R. Mele (Ed.), Surrounding Self-Control (p. 0). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197500941.003.0014
Mooijman, M., Meindl, P., Oyserman, D., Monterosso, J., Dehghani, M., Doris, J. M., & Graham, J. (2018). Resisting temptation for the good of the group: Binding moral values and the moralization of self-control. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 115(3), 585-599. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000149
Olivera La Rosa, A., & Saldarriaga, L. (2017). Fundaciones Morales en Colombia y su Relación con Actitudes Sexistas. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.30982.27203
Pennington, C. R., Monk, R. L., Qureshi, A. W., & Heim, D. (2019). Alcohol belongs here: Assessing alcohol-related inhibitory control with a contextual go/no-go task. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 27(5), 455-465. https://doi.org/10.1037/pha0000256
Pilarska, A., & Baumeister, R. F. (2018). Psychometric properties and correlates of the Polish version of the Self-Control Scale (SCS). In Polish Psychological Bulletin (Vol. 49, Issue No 1: Motivation and Social Perception: Theory and Practice). Committee for Psychological Science PAS. https://doi.org/10.24425/119476
Robson, D. A., Allen, M. S., & Howard, S. J. (2020). Self-regulation in childhood as a predictor of future outcomes: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 146(4), 324. https://psycnet.apa.org/fulltext/2020-00476-001.html
Rozin, P. (1999). The Process of Moralization. Psychological Science, 10(3), 218-221. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9280.00139
Rozin, P., Markwith, M., & Stoess, C. (1997). Moralization and Becoming a Vegetarian: The Transformation of Preferences Into Values and the Recruitment of Disgust. Psychological Science, 8(2), 67-73. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.1997.tb00685.x
Schloss, J. P. (2017). Darwinian Explanations of Morality: Accounting for the Normal but not the Normative. In Understanding Moral Sentiments (pp. 81-122). Routledge. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781351296281-6/darwinian-explanations-morality-accounting-normal-normative-jeffrey-schloss
Silver, E., & Silver, J. R. (2021). Morality and Self-Control: The Role of Binding and Individualizing Moral Motives. Deviant Behavior, 42(3), 366-385. https://doi.org/10.1080/01639625.2019.1678580
Skinner, B. F. (1953). Some contributions of an experimental analysis of behavior to psychology as a whole. American Psychologist, 8(2), 69. https://psycnet.apa.org/journals/amp/8/2/69/
Skinner, B. F. (1982). Reflexiones sobre conductismo y sociedad. Trillas México, DF. https://conductitlan.org.mx/02_bfskinner/skinner/3.%20reflexiones_conductismo_sociedad_skinner.pdf
Sullivan, G. M., & Feinn, R. (2012). Using Effect Size—Or Why the P Value Is Not Enough. Journal of Graduate Medical Education, 4(3), 279-282. https://doi.org/10.4300/JGME-D-12-00156.1
Tangney, J. P., Boone, A. L., & Baumeister, R. F. (2018). High self-control predicts good adjustment, less pathology, better grades, and interpersonal success. In Self-regulation and self-control (pp. 173-212). Routledge. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315175775-5/high-self-control-predicts-good-adjustment-less-pathology-better-grades-interpersonal-success-june-tangney-angie-luzio-boone-roy-baumeister
Wikström, P.-O. H., & Svensson, R. (2010). When does self-control matter? The interaction between morality and self-control in crime causation. European Journal of Criminology, 7(5), 395-410. https://doi.org/10.1177/1477370810372132
Wu, C.C., Wu, W.-H., & Chiou, W.-B. (2017). Construing Morality at High versus Low Levels Induces Better Self-control, Leading to Moral Acts. Frontiers in Psychology, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01041
Xie, C., Bagozzi, R. P., & Grønhaug, K. (2019). The impact of corporate social responsibility on consumer brand advocacy: The role of moral emotions, attitudes, and individual differences. Journal of Business Research, 95, 514-530. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.07.043
Zahn, R., de Oliveira-Souza, R., & Moll, J. (2020). Moral Motivation and the Basal Forebrain. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 108, 207-217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.10.022
Zakharin, M., & Bates, T. C. (2021). Remapping the foundations of morality: Well-fitting structural model of the Moral Foundations Questionnaire. PLOS ONE, 16(10), e0258910. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258910
Zhang, W. (2015). Calculation and statistic test of partial correlation of general correlation measures. Selforganizology, 2(4), 65-77. http://www.iaees.org/publications/journals/selforganizology/online•version.asp
Zondervan-Zwijnenburg, M. A. J., Richards, J. S., Kevenaar, S. T., Becht, A. I., Hoijtink, H. J. A., Oldehinkel, A. J., Branje, S., Meeus, W., & Boomsma, D. I. (2020). Robust longitudinal multi-cohort results: The development of self-control during adolescence. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 45, 100817. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2020.100817
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2024 Dayanne Orellana, Eric Roth
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
Los autores que publican con esta revista aceptan los siguientes términos:
Los autores conservan los derechos de autor y otorgan a la revista el derecho de primera publicación, con el trabajo [ESPECIFICAR EL PERÍODO DE TIEMPO] después de la publicación con licencia simultánea bajo una Licencia de Atribución de Creative Commons que permite a otros compartir el trabajo con un reconocimiento de la autoría del trabajo y la publicación inicial en este diario.
Los autores pueden celebrar acuerdos contractuales adicionales por separado para la distribución no exclusiva de la versión publicada del trabajo de la revista (por ejemplo, publicarlo en un repositorio institucional o publicarlo en un libro), con un reconocimiento de su publicación inicial en este diario
Se permite y alienta a los autores a publicar su trabajo en línea (p. Ej., En repositorios institucionales o en su sitio web) antes y durante el proceso de envío, ya que puede generar intercambios productivos, así como una cita anterior y mayor del trabajo publicado (ver The Efecto del acceso abierto).
La Revista Interamericana de Psicología se publica desde 1967 por la 